abstract：:Motivational approaches that build on the concepts of risk and harm reduction are new developments in the application of behavioral sciences to health promotion and disease prevention. This article develops a generic approach for helping practitioners motivate patients to change unhealthy behaviors. ...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Botelho RJ,Skinner H

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The primary care physicians must use screening procedures for the elderly that focus on function, with special attention paid to falls, incontinence, malnutrition, and sexuality. Nursing home staff and patients' families can be particularly helpful to the physician. ...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Gershman K,Nielsen C

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cleaning and disinfection are two necessary and equally important steps to prevent transmission of infection from patient to patient by the endoscope and accessories. There is no evidence that complete sterility is necessary; high-level disinfection is recommended. Controversy remains as to how "high level" this disin...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Tremain SC

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Medical decision making (MDM) contains tools that can contribute to the skill and expertise of physicians. MDM is especially useful for primary care physicians. Practicing in this clinical world is practicing in a world of great uncertainty--the world in which many of these tools were designed to be useful. ...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Bergus GR,Hamm RM

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Decision rules help physicians make more accurate predictions about diagnosis, prognosis and response to treatment. In this article, guidelines for finding decision rules are outlined. A mnemonic is presented (Pre-Dic-TiVe) that assists physicians in evaluation of decision rules for clinical practice. A survey of deci...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Ebell MH

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Common dermatological problems as a frequent presenting complaint are stratified by infancy, childhood, and adolescence. The common manifestations and questions asked by parents are discussed. Both infectious and noninfectious rashes are included. Convenient treatment modalities are listed. ...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： O'Brien JM

更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Injuries are the leading cause of death in children. Approximately 23,000 children are killed each year in the United States, and many more suffer from nonlethal injuries. This article discusses general principles of effective intervention strategies, the most serious injury categories, and practical injury prevention...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Losh DP

更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The family practitioner has an important role in the detection of infants and young children with developmental delays. The physician may be the first or only professional in regular contact with infants and young children. Interpretation of a child's developmental status is best done with a clear understanding of the...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Kimmel SR,Quinn EA,Phelps KA

更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protocols for clinical exercise stress testing aid functional evaluation of cardiac impairment of ambulatory persons. Normal standards, criteria for functional impairment and exercise-enhanced prediction of risk of future cardiac events provide guidelines for clinical management. This review highlights development and...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Bruce RA

更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of an exercise program for persons with or without disease should be the development or maintenance of cardiorespiratory fitness, strength and muscular endurance, and flexibility. The basic principles of prescribing exercise--frequency, intensity, and duration of training--and the mode of activity as rec...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Welsch MA,Pollock ML,Brechue WF,Graves JE

更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Musculoskeletal disorders of the workplace include the acute, cumulative and chronic injuries or illnesses of the soft tissues which are caused by mechanical stress, strain, sprain, vibration, inflammation, or irritation. The successful management of occupational musculoskeletal disorders must account for workplace co...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Peate WF

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The relationships between oral health conditions, dietary practices and nutritional status, and general health status in the older American are complex, with many interrelating factors. Just as inadequate nutrition can affect oral health, poor oral health status affects food choices and, thus, nutritional status. It i...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Pla GW

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The radiographic evaluation of the arthritides still relies primarily on the plain films that are readily available to every practicing clinician. The radiographic examination serves primarily to confirm the clinician's diagnosis based on the history, clinical findings, and laboratory studies and to document the sever...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Beachley MC,Franklin JW,Ostlund W,Fielding E,Lenkey J,Urbanik E

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infectious arthritis should be suspected in any patient with a swollen joint but especially in children, debilitated patients, immunocompromised persons, those with infection elsewhere (even if on antibiotics), and those with other types of arthritis or a prosthetic joint. Diagnosis depends on obtaining joint fluid fo...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Middleton DB

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An approach to preconception health promotion by obtaining a history and through physical examination and laboratory investigation is outlined. The controversies are explained, and the current programs that have been developed in the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States are described. All women of childbearin...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Levitt C

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of analgesic and anesthetic options are available for patients during the intrapartum period. Appropriate attention in the prenatal period to patient education regarding these options is imperative. If pharmacologic anesthesia is required, risks and benefits both to the mother and neonate must be considered. ...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Fields SA,Wall EM

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Child abuse is a common pediatric problem that can be recognized and treated appropriately by all primary care physicians who care for children. One of the necessary skills in this process involves being prepared to interface with the legal system. The physician is mandated to report suspected child abuse according to...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Halverson KC,Elliott BA,Rubin MS,Chadwick DL

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The majority of mood-altering drugs that have significant abuse potential possess several properties that contribute to drug dependence, including behavioral reinforcing and rewarding actions, tolerance to behavioral effects, and development of physical dependence. Although various drug classes may differ in the relat...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Carr LA

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Detoxification is the medical care that safely carries the patient through withdrawal. It is normally not an end point but is a step toward rehabilitation. Protocols should be tailored to meet the needs of individual patients. ...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Cross GM,Hennessey PT

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nearly all the topics considered by medical ethics generally present themselves to those caring for cancer patients. Although most attention may be given to questions of resource allocation and limiting treatment, other issues are of equal importance. Providing respect and compassion for patients may be even more impo...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Smith DH,McCarty K

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There can be no question that smoking is a modern version of plague; that, as Camus points out, the public does not comprehend its true nature. As in the metaphorical community in Camus' narrative, the struggle of individuals against the pestilence (including official obstruction) is imperative. Physicians have multip...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Houston TP

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ankle injuries are the most frequent cause of physician evaluation in a sports-oriented environment. The lateral ligaments are most commonly injured. With a detailed history, physical and radiographic examination to avoid missing underlying pathology, the primary care physician can diagnose and treat the majority of a...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Wilkerson LA

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:AIDS is a progressively debilitating disease in which the infected individual will require a diverse range and often intensive set of formal and informal services. With assistance from health care providers, community-based organizations, family, and friends, quality of life can be maintained. Community-based organiza...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Katoff L

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Overuse injuries are caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Exercise exposes even the most subtle anatomic imperfections and extrinsic influences. Overuse that is not musculoskeletal in nature and new information pertaining to the role of bursae are discussed. Treatment philosophy is approached with an emphasis on...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： McKeag DB

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The major differences that have been recognized between black and white hypertensives are primarily epidemiologic, with hypertension being more prevalent, having an earlier onset, and having more severe sequelae in the black population. The cause of the problem in both black and white people remains obscure, but it ap...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Saunders E

更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Depression, chronic fatigue, and premenstrual syndrome often coexist in women seeking treatment for premenstrual distress. A reliable diagnosis can be made by prospectively rating symptoms for two cycles, taking a careful history, performing physical and gynecologic examinations, and obtaining basic laboratory test re...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Gonsalves L,Domb J,Gidwani G

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviewed the parasitic signs and symptoms most likely to be seen in the office setting. Particular attention has been given to the endemic parasites. The physician will be called upon increasingly to recognize the often subtle and seemingly unrelated symptom complex. Nowhere else in the animal kingdom has...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Jones JE

更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ascaris lumbricoides is a significant health problem. One billion people worldwide are infected. Most frequently it is seen in malnourished people residing in developing countries. Areas with modern water and waste treatment have a low incidence. The major serious sequelae associated with the parasite is intestinal ob...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Tietze PE,Tietze PH

更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A decline in host defense mechanisms and concurrent diseases combine to make the elderly patient particularly susceptible to common infections. The bacterial cause and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns may also be different in the elderly. The appropriate selection and dosing of antibiotics for elderly patients with ...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Cummings DM,Uttech KM

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When prescribing drugs for patients who are pregnant or lactating, a clinician needs to ask the following questions: (1) Is pharmacotherapy necessary? (2) What drug can be used that has the lowest potential toxicity according to current knowledge? (3) What pharmacokinetic parameters does the drug follow during pregnan...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Ives TJ,Tepper RS

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sound without external stimuli may warn of serious conditions. Accurate history and physical examination along with ancillary testing, including audiograms, are essential in evaluation of these patients. Evaluation of sudden tinnitus may save hearing. Extra-auditory tinnitus may arise from respiratory, vascular, and m...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Alleva M,Loch WE,Paparella MM

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although primary care physicians provide traditional diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up to patients with sexually transmitted diseases, their role in prevention efforts is becoming increasingly important. This reflects a younger patient group, often otherwise healthy patients who consult for contraception, as well as...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Rosenberg MJ

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Malignancies of the male genitourinary system make up a significant proportion of current urologic practice. The primary physician plays an important role in the early detection and referral of patients with these problems. Early treatment offers the best chance of disease control. It is encouraging that some of the m...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Selman SH

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The clinician handling skin disorders may be confounded in a number of ways. By being aware of the general types of errors seen in clinical medicine and the specific, clinical pitfalls of common dermatoses, the physician should be better able to triage and treat skin problems accurately. ...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Pariser RJ

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The disease of addiction is upon us and it is obvious that the elderly are not immune. There is every reason to believe from early reports that the elderly respond favorably to treatment, perhaps more so than their younger counterparts. It is believed that treating chemical dependency as a primary disease rather than ...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Haugland S

更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Breast self-exam, clinical breast exam and mammography are the primary screening modalities for the early detection of breast cancer. In this article, we review the epidemiology of breast cancer and methodologic considerations in screening for breast cancer. For each screening modality, we assess the evidence for its ...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Humphrey LL,Ballard DJ

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Colorectal cancer is a common disease with a high mortality rate. Surgical resection in early stages is the only effective treatment, therefore, recent attention is focused on diagnosing early colon cancer by screening asymptomatic subjects. Principles and current technology supporting early detection of colorectal ca...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Gupta TP,Silverman AL,Desai TK,Luk GD

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Smokers expect health care professionals to help them stop smoking. Brief physician advice effectively increases cessation rates and should be given in a supportive and positive atmosphere emphasizing short-term benefits of cessation. Accurate information on withdrawal, weight gain, and nicotine gum should be offered,...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Joseph AM,Byrd JC

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The shoulder is one of the most complex joints in the body requiring coordinated, functioning muscles and joints to have a fluid, rhythmic motion. The shoulder consists of the glenohumeral (GH) joint, the acromioclavicular (AC) joint, the scapulothoracic (ST) joint, and the sternoclavicular (SC) joint. This article wi...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Spiegel TM,Crues JV 3rd

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sexually transmitted disease poses an increasing challenge for the clinician in the 1980s, with increasing numbers of pathogens and diseases. This article discusses the diagnosis and outpatient management of gonorrhea, herpes virus type II, chlamydia trachomatis, and condyloma accuminatum. In addition, the diagnosis a...

journal_title：Primary care

authors： Nesse RE

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00